Lighting for seedlings can be a complicated topic, but it doesn’t have to be. In this post, I will break it all down, tell you everything you need to know, and give you tons of details about how and when to put light on germinated seeds.
Most homes don’t have enough natural lighting for seedlings, and trying to grow them on a sunny windowsill will only result in disappointment and wasted time (and money!).
Adequate lighting is a key part of successful seedling care, and it will give them a good start to life. When they don’t get enough, seedlings become weak and leggy, and may not survive for very long.
This is one of the biggest frustrations for new gardeners, but it’s a common problem that’s easily fixable. The only way to prevent leggy seedlings is to use grow lights.
Don’t be intimidated, I’m going to make this super easy for you! Below I will walk you through all that you need to know so you can get it right every time.
Here’s what you’ll find in this detailed guide…
Table of Contents
Why Use Artificial Light For Seedlings?
The first few years I tried growing plants from seed, I didn’t use any artificial lighting for them.
I’m lucky enough to have a nice large south facing window in my spare bedroom, so I set up a few shelves right in front of it.
That worked ok, but my seedlings were always thin and weak looking compared to the ones I saw for sale at the garden center.
Things got worse for me once I started to experiment with different types of seeds. It quickly became clear that my sunny windowsill wasn’t going to provide enough light for all of them.
In those early years, my homegrown starts were always weak and spindly. Many of them would just get really tall and skinny, and then eventually flop over.
I discovered the hard way that they never recover from this, and the plants don’t do well in the garden either. I realized I was wasting a lot of time and money (and heartache) just to save a few bucks on artificial lights.
That’s when I decided it was time to buy myself some seedling grow lights, and I was amazed at what a difference it made!
Not only did my seedlings look fantastic, but adding a few artificial lights meant I didn’t need to plant as many seeds.
That’s because my starts were much healthier and stronger, and had no problem surviving the transition to the garden.
Seedlings flopping over without proper lighting
Do Seedlings Really Need A Grow Light?
In order to grow strong, healthy seedlings, it’s super important to provide the proper lighting for them right from the start.
That being said, you don’t absolutely need indoor seed starting lights if you have a sunny windowsill, porch, or another space filled with natural sunlight.
I’ve started lots of different types of seedlings in my sunny spare bedroom, and they survived just fine (though they were always a little leggy).
But if you ask me if the expense of buying grow lights is worth it – I’d say yes, absolutely!
So, if you’re a beginner and you don’t want to invest a ton of money up front, then go ahead and try keeping your seedlings in a sunny window.
It never hurts to experiment to see what works best for you, and in your home. Just make sure it’s south facing, and the trays are as close to the window as possible.
Once you have a few flats going, and you know you’re in it for the long haul, I would definitely recommend investing in proper lighting for seedlings.
Starting seeds indoors without grow lights
Benefits Of Putting Seedlings Under Lights
There are tons of benefits to using the proper lighting for seedlings. Below I’ve listed the main ones, so you can see why it’s so important.
- Stronger and healthier seedlings – The main benefit of using artificial lights is that your seedlings will be much stronger, healthier, and stay more compact than they would just sitting near a sunny window.
- Better survival rate – Once you provide enough light, you’ll find that the survival rate of your seedlings is much higher. So you won’t have to plant extras to make up for all the weak ones you would have ended up losing.
- Less waste – Since you won’t have to plant extras to make up for those losses, there will be much less waste. You won’t waste any seeds or dirt… or your time. Because of this, you’ll find the lights will pay for themselves pretty quickly.
- Much easier – Providing proper lighting for seedlings will make your life so much easier too. By using a timer, you can just set it and forget it, rather than having to constantly monitor and rotate your trays.
- Prevents legginess – The only way to prevent seedlings from getting tall and leggy is to provide adequate lighting.
- Grow seeds anywhere in your house – Another benefit is that you can put your seedlings anywhere in the house. You don’t need to worry about keeping them in a room that gets tons of natural light.
Strong healthy seedlings grown under lights
What Kind Of Light Do Seedlings Need?
I mean… lights are lights, right? Nope! But you probably already knew it couldn’t be that easy.
It’s very important to make sure you get the right type of lighting for seedlings, and all bulbs are NOT created equal.
Just go to the hardware store, and you’ll see that now more than ever there are tons of different types of light bulbs to choose from.
Don’t worry, I’m not going to get super technical on you here, I want to make this very easy!
But it is important to understand that some bulbs (like regular incandescents) are way too hot, and will only end up frying your seedlings.
So what kind should you buy then? That’s easy! Your first option is to buy ones that are specifically made for this purpose – and those are called plant grow bulbs.
You can find them for sale just about anywhere these days, and simply put them into a lamp of your choice. They come in standard sizes that are made to fit into any light fixture.
Another great option is to use standard cool-white fluorescent bulbs. I made my own seedling grow lights using a standard shop fixture and fluorescent light bulbs. Get the step by step instructions here.
If you don’t want to mess around with assembling your own, or you’re not sure how or where to hang it, then I recommend getting a full system like this one. That’s a great option, and it makes setting everything up a snap!
Fluorescent grow bulbs for my seedlings
How Much Light Do Seedlings Need?
Understanding how much light seedlings need is just as important as choosing the right bulbs. So in this section, I’ll tell you exactly how many hours they need, and give you examples of the best schedule to keep them on.
How Many Hours Of Lighting Do Seedlings Need?
Seedlings need 14-16 hours of light every single day, without fail. Don’t leave them on for 24 hours a day though. Like us, they need to rest at night.
So plan to keep your artificial lights on for 14-16 hours during the daytime, and turn them off overnight.
Use an outlet timer to make sticking to this schedule a snap, and ensure your seedlings get the perfect amount of light.
If you give them less than 14 hours of light per day, then make sure to monitor them closely. If they start getting tall or growing sideways, then give them another hour or two of light.
Leggy seedlings under artificial lights
Best Light Schedule For Seedlings
Some people like to follow a 12/12 lighting cycle for their seedlings. That means the lights stay on for 12 hours a day, and they are off for 12 hours at night.
But in my experience, 12 hours is not long enough to keep all types from getting leggy. So I recommend leaving them on longer than that.
For example, I set my timer to turn the lights on at 6:00 am every morning, and turn them off at 10:00 pm each night. Keeping a consistent schedule like this is important for uniform growth.
If for some reason that doesn’t work for you, you could do a 7 am – 9 pm schedule, or use other similar times that work best for you.
The exact times don’t matter so much, but you should keep the schedule the same every day. And be sure to mimic the normal sun pattern by having them on during the day, and off at night.
How To Use Grow Lights For Seedlings
Learning exactly how to use grow lights for seedlings takes a little bit of practice. So below I will give you tips for when to start and stop using them, and how far away from the seedlings to hang them.
When Do I Put My Seedlings Under Light?
The answer to this one is simple. Your grow lights should be turned on (or your seedlings should be put under lights) as soon as the first seed starts to sprout.
Many types of seedlings grow very fast, and they will begin reaching for the light as soon as they emerge. So give them plenty of it right from the start.
Using lights for seedlings right after germination
How Far Should Seedlings Be From A Grow Light?
The grow light should not be very far from the seedlings. It’s best to keep it 2-3″ above the top of the leaves at all times.
So at first, your fixture will hang directly above (but never touching!) the plastic lid on the tray.
Once your starts get taller, and you take the lid off, then you’ll need to adjust the lights on a regular basis so they are always right over the top.
The leaves should never touch the bulbs though, or they could burn. So make sure to check on them every day, and move the light up as necessary. Using an adjustable hanger will make this job a whole lot easier!
Rotate the trays daily if you notice any of the seedlings around the edges are reaching, or aren’t growing as well as the ones that are directly under the light.
Proper grow light distance for seedlings
When To Stop Using Lights On Seedlings
The only time you should stop using lights on your seedlings is when they are outside. As long as they are inside the house, they should be under the lights.
Once you’re in the process of hardening them, you can turn off the lights while your seedlings are outside during the day. But, you shouldn’t stop using them completely until after you’ve moved the seedlings outside for good.
Just make sure you always put them under the lights each time you bring them back indoors, or they will quickly start to get leggy.
Removing seedlings from under lights to move them outside
FAQs About Lighting For Seedlings
I’ve talked a lot about lighting for seedlings in this article so far, but you may have a few other questions. So now I’ll answer the ones I get asked the most. Post your question in the comments below if it isn’t answered here.
Do seedlings need 24 hour lighting?
No, and you should not put seedlings under grow lights for 24 hours a day. Just like us, they need to rest at night.
It’s important to follow a normal sunlight pattern, or your seedlings will suffer when it’s time to move them outside. So keep the lights on for 14-16 hours during the day, and turn them off at night.
Should you rotate seedlings under the lights?
If you provide the proper lighting for seedlings, then you should not need to rotate them. However, many times the trays are wider than the lamp.
So, you may notice some of the ones around the outside edges will start reaching. In that case, it’s best to rotate them daily to ensure even growth.
Can you start seeds indoors without grow lights?
Yes, you certainly could try starting your seeds indoors without grow lights if you have a sunny window for them.
However, most homes do not get enough natural light for healthy seedling development. So, for the best results, I recommend supplementing with artificial lights.
Do you use grow lights during germination?
That depends on the type of seeds. Some need light for germination, while others do not. Always check the packet for details, or research the specific varieties before planting them.
Adequate lighting is extremely important for success with seedlings, and it will give them a healthy start to life. Plus you’ll find that it makes your job much easier, with less waste and frustration.
If you’re new to starting seeds, and you want to learn everything you need know in order grow your garden from seed, then you should enroll in my Online Seed Starting Course. This self-paced course will walk you through it all, step by step. Enroll and get started right now!
Otherwise, if you just need a refresher, or you want a quick-start guide, then my Starting Seeds Indoors eBook is just what you need.
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Share your tips about using artificial lighting for seedlings in the comments below.
Jared says
I am using a 630 watt led board sf7000 in a 3×3, PAR is ranging 350-420 temperature good, manual states 28 to 36” for seedlings, found that 6” above for germination till they pop then raising the light to 25” is a good height did have it at 16” an noticed new growth slightly discoloured Do you have any recommendations for light heights with this setup?
Amy Andrychowicz says
Sounds like a great light setup for your seedlings! I would definitely stick to the recommendations on the package and keep them between 28-36″. Start with 28″ when the seedlings are small, and move the lights up as the seedlings get taller. If they begin to get leggy, then move the light down a few inches. Sometimes you have to experiment a little in order to figure out the perfect height for the exact lights you’re using.
Laurie says
I just planted my germinated seeds. Do I need to go ahead and start using my grow light?
Amy Andrychowicz says
Yes, you should start using your grow light as soon as the seedlings have germinated.
Rick Bevan says
A friend of mine gave me some seeds from some experiment at the Univ of Florida.
She told me, that if I put ’em in a pot, and use a grow lite, It’ll work.
So I bought his desktop lite from amazon. It has 2 extensions coming out from it and they can be adjusted over the pots. Are these as effective as purchasing a bulb then putting in a fixture by the seedlings? I have no place to HANG an overhead, so will this suffice?
Thanks
Amy Andrychowicz says
I’m not familiar with the specific lights you’re talking about, so I can’t say for sure. But I would think that if they are specifically made for plants, then they would work… as long as the fixture is large enough so bulb will cover all of your seedlings.
Nancy Nowak says
Are T8, 32W 500K 48 inch bulbs ok for growing seedlings?
Amy Andrychowicz says
Yes, those light bulbs would be great to use for your seedlings!
Mike Murphy says
I purchased a grow light bulb to go into the ceiling socket. Is it a waste of time to have purchased it? It will be a few feet from the seedlings.
Comments and suggestions welcome!
Mike Murphy
Amy Andrychowicz says
Putting a grow light in the ceiling fixture won’t do anything for your seedlings. It is too far away, and will have no benefit. The light needs to be a few inches above them at all times in order to work.
Mike Murphy says
Thank you Amy….
Timothy Reed says
Hi
I have 1000w grow light, I also have a light gauge that goes from 0-1000 I’ve read that 500 is a good intensity is that true.
Amy Andrychowicz says
Yes, 500 PAR would be the minimum for seedlings. I recommend giving them between 700-1000, and see how well they do. If you prefer to start at the lower level, then closely monitor your seedlings to make sure they aren’t getting leggy. If they start reaching for the light, then raise the PAR level.
Mario says
My seedling are getting long and thin. I have to support the seedling. Based on your reading I need more time with the grow light. When do you use red, blue or both grow light? Ty
Amy Andrychowicz says
Yes, if the seedlings are getting tall and thin, then they definitely need more light. I recommend keeping the grow lights on for 14-16 hours per day. The section above titled “How To Use Grow Lights For Seedlings” will help answer more of your questions.
Evelyn says
I’ve read that LED lights need to be farther away from seedlings due to the intensity. How far should they be from seedlings if I have a 100 watt-equivalent square LED?
Amy Andrychowicz says
While it’s true that some lights are much more intense than others, LED lights don’t put off much heat, so there is less risk of burning seedlings. But there are so many different brands of grow bulbs out there that it is difficult to tell you exactly how far away from you seedlings to hang the one that you have. I always start by hanging mine about 4-5″ above my seed trays. Then I adjust the height as the seedlings grow, depending on how well they are reacting to it. The best thing to do is to start high (4-6″), then check on your seedlings a few times per day. If they are starting to reach for the light, then move it a few inches closer. I would also recommend you check with the manufacturer of your lights to see if you can find instructions/recommendations for that specific brand. Good luck!
Linda Wilton says
Some of my healthy seedlings are getting taller and taller, now getting too close to the grow lights. The lights are as high as they can go? Is it ok to put them in a south facing window now? Or what other ideas?
Amy Andrychowicz says
If it’s warm enough, I would start hardening them off and getting them ready to move out to the garden. When they get that tall, it means they are ready to go outside. If it’s not warm enough yet, then I would figure out how to hang your grow lights higher, perhaps you can put your stand up on some blocks or books to make it taller? Then next year, plan to start those seeds a little later, so they don’t get so large before it’s time to move them outside. You certainly could try putting them into a sunny window, some seedlings will do fine. However, as long as they are inside, they will do best under artificial lights. Otherwise, they tend to start getting leggy pretty quickly. Hope this helps.
amy martinez says
can you use a grow light in a shop light fixture?
Amy Andrychowicz says
Yes! Here’s how to make your own DIY grow lights for seedings.